Single handled endoscopic vessel harvesting system with rotation control

ABSTRACT

A surgical instrument includes an elongated tube having a proximal end and a distal end, a handle coupled to the proximal end of the tube, and a tool that is rotatable and translatable relative to the tube, wherein the handle includes a control for rotating the tool relative to the tube, and wherein the control is coupled to the tool such that a movement of the control through an angle θ c  rotates the tool relative to the tube by an angle θ t  that is greater or less than θ c , and wherein the angle θ c  is variable as determined by a user.

RELATED APPLICATION DATA

This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/951,426, filed Sep. 28, 2004.

FIELD

This application relates to a surgical instrument, and more particularly, to a surgical instrument for use in a vessel harvesting procedure.

BACKGROUND

A significant area of cardiovascular disease involves the build up of plaque inside arteries that feed blood to the muscles of the heart. These deposits can cause occlusions which reduce or interrupt blood flow through these arteries. Coronary artery bypass grafting is a surgical procedure that has been used to address occlusions by creating an alternative blood path that bypasses the occluded artery.

Before a bypass surgery is performed, a vessel needs to be harvested from a patient's body for use as a conduit in the bypass surgery. In endoscopic vessel harvesting (EVH) surgical procedures, a long slender cannula with a working lumen may be inserted inside a patient, and advanced into a tunnel next to-the saphenous vein in the patient's leg, the radial artery in the patient's arm, or any other targeted vessel for grafting. A surgical tool housed at least partially within the working lumen of the cannula may be placed along the saphenous vein to dissect the vessel away from adjacent tissue, and to sever side-branch vessels along the course of the vessel to be harvested. The surgical tool may be configured to grasp a vessel, and may include one or more operative elements for cutting and/or sealing the vessel. While the surgical tool is used to operate on tissue, an endoscope may be used to view the procedure.

When performing vessel harvesting, sometimes it may be necessary to rotate the surgical tool relative to the cannula, thereby orienting the surgical tool to a desired position for grasping a side-branch vessel. In some cases, the cannula and the surgical tool may be coupled to separate handles such that rotation of the surgical tool relative to the cannula may be accomplished by holding one handle while rotating the other handle. However, Applicant of the subject application determines that such configuration may not be desirable, as it would require the user to use both hands to affect the rotation of the surgical tool.

Applicant of the subject application determines that it would be desirable to integrate the surgical tool and the cannula so that rotation of the surgical tool relative to the cannula may be accomplished using a single handle. Applicant also determines that it would be desirable for such a single handle of the vessel harvesting instrument to include a control that is easily locatable by the user, and that would allow rotation of the surgical tool to be accomplished efficiently.

SUMMARY

In accordance with some embodiments, a surgical instrument includes an elongated tube having a proximal end and a distal end, a handle coupled to the proximal end of the tube, and a tool that is rotatable and translatable relative to the tube, wherein the handle includes a control for rotating the tool relative to the tube, and wherein the control is coupled to the tool such that a movement of the control through an angle θ_(c) rotates the tool relative to the tube by an angle θ_(t) that is greater or less than θ_(c), and wherein the angle θ_(c) is variable as determined by a user. In some embodiments, the control is also operable to translate the tool, and/or to operate a component of the tool.

In accordance with other embodiments, a surgical instrument includes a tube having a proximal end, a handle coupled to the proximal end of the tube, and a tool that is rotatable and translatable relative to the tube, wherein the handle includes a control for rotating the tool relative to the tube, and an amount of movement of the control is variable as determined by a user, and wherein the control is coupled to the tool by a plurality of gears, the plurality of gears being configured to provide an amplified or reduced rotation of the tool relative to the tube in response to the movement of the control. In some embodiments, the control is also operable to translate the tool, and/or to operate a component of the tool.

In accordance with other embodiments, a method for use in a surgical procedure, includes providing a surgical instrument that includes a tube, a handle, and a tool that is rotatable relative to the tube, wherein the handle has a control, and rotating the tool relative to the tube by an angle θ_(t) in response to a movement of the control through an angle θ_(c), wherein the angle θ_(c) is variable as determined by a user, and θ_(t) is greater or less than θ_(c). In some embodiments, the control is also operable to translate the tool, and/or to operate a component of the tool.

Other and further aspects and features will be evident from reading the following detailed description of the embodiments, which are intended to illustrate, not limit, the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings illustrate the design and utility of embodiments, in which similar elements are referred to by common reference numerals. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In order to better appreciate how the above-recited and other advantages and objects are obtained, a more particular description of the embodiments will be rendered, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. These drawings depict only typical embodiments and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope.

FIG. 1 illustrates a surgical instrument having a handle in accordance with some embodiments;

FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate a tool for cauterizing and cutting tissue in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 2E illustrates a retractor for engaging a vessel in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of another tool for welding and cutting tissue in accordance with other embodiments, showing the tool having a pair of jaws;

FIG. 4A is a perspective cross sectional view of the pair of jaws of FIG. 3 in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 4B is a cross sectional view of the pair of jaws of FIG. 4A, showing the jaws being used to cut a side branch vessel;

FIG. 5 is a partial exploded view of some components of a surgical instrument in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 6A illustrates components of the handle of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments;

FIGS. 6B and 6C illustrate the handle of FIG. 1, showing a control being operated in different configurations;

FIG. 7 illustrates some components of the handle of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments;

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate additional components of the handle of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 10 illustrates an actuator of the handle of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 11 illustrates some components of the actuator of FIG. 10 in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 12 illustrates a surgical instrument having another handle in accordance with other embodiments;

FIG. 13 illustrates a surgical instrument having another handle in accordance with other embodiments;

FIG. 14 illustrates some components of the handle of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 illustrates a surgical instrument having another handle in accordance with other embodiments;

FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate a distal end of a surgical instrument having a washing system in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 17 illustrates a component of the washing system of FIG. 16 in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 18 illustrates a cross sectional side view of the washing system of FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 illustrates another washing system in accordance with other embodiments;

FIG. 20 illustrates another washing system in accordance with other embodiments;

FIG. 21 illustrates another washing system in accordance with other embodiments;

FIG. 22 illustrates a technique for forming a distal portion of a tube that includes a fluid delivery channel;

FIGS. 23 and 24 illustrate a distal end of a surgical instrument having a washing system in accordance with other embodiments; and

FIG. 25 illustrates a distal end of a surgical instrument having a washing system in accordance with other embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments are described hereinafter with reference to the figures. It should be noted that the figures are not drawn to scale and that elements of similar structures or functions are represented by like reference numerals throughout the figures. It should also be noted that the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of the embodiments. They are not intended as an exhaustive description of the invention or as a limitation on the scope of the invention. In addition, an illustrated embodiment needs not have all the aspects or advantages shown. An aspect or an advantage described in conjunction with a particular embodiment is not necessarily limited to that embodiment and can be practiced in any other embodiments even if not so illustrated.

FIG. 1 illustrates a surgical instrument 9 in accordance with some embodiments. The surgical instrument 9 includes a handle 11, an elongated body 13 having a proximal end 10 and a distal end 12, and a surgical device 14 located at the distal end 12 of the body 13. As used in this specification, the term “surgical device” refers to any device or component that may be used to operate on tissue (e.g., to treat, manipulate, handle, hold, cut, heat, or energize, etc., tissue). The surgical instrument 9 also includes an elongated tube 20 having a lumen for housing at least a part of the elongated body 13. In some embodiments, the lumen may also house at least a portion of the surgical device 14. As used in this specification, the term “tube” or similar terms (e.g., “tubular structure”) may refer to any device that has a tubular configuration, wherein the device may have a unity configuration (e.g., formed as a single structure), or may be an assembly formed from assembling different components together. Also, as used in this specification, the term “lumen” or similar terms (e.g., “bore,” “opening,” etc.) may refer to any space that is defined by any components. For example, a lumen of a tube may refer to any space that is defined at least partially by the tube, by a component of the tube, or a component/device that is located within the tube.

The elongated tube 20 has a proximal end 22 that is coupled to the handle 11. The proximal end 10 of the elongated body 13 is coupled to the handle 11 such that the body 13 (and therefore the surgical device 14) is rotatable and translatable relative to the tube 20. The elongated body 13 may be rigid, or alternatively, flexible. The handle 11 includes a manual actuator 15 that is coupled to the surgical device 14 (a tool) through linkage (not shown) within a bore of the body 13 for manually controlling an operation of the surgical device 14. The handle 11 and the actuator 15 may be made from insulative material(s) such as plastic. The details of the handle 11 will be described below.

The surgical instrument 9 is configured to be coupled to an energy source 30 during use. The energy source 30 is configured to deliver radiofrequency energy in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the energy source 30 is direct current (DC) source configured to deliver DC energy.

FIG. 2A illustrates the surgical device 14 at the distal end of the surgical instrument 9 in accordance with some embodiments. The surgical device 14 includes a first electrode 102, a second electrode 104, and a cutter 106. The electrodes 102, 104 are fixedly coupled to the distal end of the body 13, and the cutter 106 is slidably mounted to the body 13. The cutter 106 is configured to slide in and out of a slot at the distal tip of the body 13. The first electrode 102 has a loop configuration that is formed by a wire. Similarly, the second electrode 104 also has a loop configuration that is formed by another wire. In other embodiments, the electrodes 102, 104 may have other configurations (e.g., shape, size, and form). The first and second electrodes 102, 104 function together as a pair of bi-polar electrodes during use. As shown in the figure, the electrodes 102, 104 are spaced apart from each other, thereby defining a space 108 therebetween for accommodating and securing a vessel (e.g., a side-branch vessel). As shown in the figure, the elongated tube 20 may optionally includes an endoscopic lumen 24 for housing an endoscope 150 during use. The surgical device 14 may be translated and/or rotated relative to the tube 20 (and hence, relative to the endoscope) by operating the actuator 15 at the handle 11. In some embodiments, the surgical instrument 9 may further include the endoscope 150.

The distal end of the tube 20 may optionally further include a retractor 130 that is slidable relative to the elongated tube 20 and the body 13. The retractor 130 is attached to two rods 116 a, 116 b (FIG. 2B). As shown in the figure, the rods 116 have a curvilinear configuration such that when they are deployed out of the lumen of the tube 20, they curve away from the surgical tool/device 14. In other embodiments, the rods 116 may have a rectilinear or other configuration. As shown in the figure, the tube 20 has a cleaning device 160 for cleaning the lens of the endoscope 150 during use. Alternatively, one of the two rods 116 may have a fluid delivery lumen for delivering fluid (e.g., saline, water) towards the endoscope 150 for cleaning the lens of the endoscope during use.

The handle 11 may further include another actuator that is mechanically coupled by linkage (e.g., which may be the rods 116 themselves, or may be another component, e.g., a shaft, that couples to the two rods 116) housed within the tube 20 for moving the retractor 130 relative to the tube 20. The retractor 130 is configured to engage a main vessel 111 during use (FIG. 2B). As used in this specification, the term “retractor” may refer to any device or component that is configured to engage a vessel. Thus, the term “retractor” should not be limited to any particular device or component that retracts or moves in a certain way. In some embodiments, the retractor 130 may be considered to be a part of the surgical device/tool 14 at the distal end of the surgical instrument 9. As shown in FIG. 2E, the retractor 130 includes a first portion 132 with a first tip 136, and a second portion 134 with a second tip 138.

The tips 136, 138 define a space 140 therebetween for allowing a vessel to enter therethrough. The first and second portions 132, 134 define a space 141 for accommodating the vessel once the vessel enters through the opening 140. In the illustrated embodiments, the space 141 has a dimension 142 that is longer to another dimension 144 perpendicular to the dimension 142. The space 141 has an elliptical shape. In other embodiments, the space 141 may have other shapes, such as a circular shape.

As shown in FIG. 2B, the electrodes 102, 104 may be configured (e.g., size, shaped, spaced apart by a certain distance, etc.) to capture a vessel 110 (e.g., a side branch vessel), while the retractor 130 engages with the main branch vessel 111. The cutter 106 is omitted in FIG. 2B for clarity purpose. The electrode 104 has a ramp portion 114 that allows the vessel 110 to be easily captured at the space 108. When the vessel 110 is captured between the electrodes 102, 104, energy may be delivered from an energy source 30 to the electrodes 102, 104, which function as bi-polar electrodes to deliver RF energy, thereby heating the vessel. The vessel may be heated to a temperature that welds/seals the vessel. When the vessel 110 is sealed, the actuator 15 at the handle 11 may be operated to slidably move the cutter 106 relative to the electrodes 102, 104 from a first position (FIG. 2C) to a second position (in the direction shown) to thereby cut the sealed vessel 110 (FIG. 2D). Such may be accomplished by providing a mechanical linkage housed within the body 13, which couples the actuator 15 to the cutter 106. As shown in the figures, the body 13 may include a protrusion at the interior wall that functions as a deflector 152 for causing the cutter 106 to move downward when a top portion 154 of the cutter 106 engages with the deflector 152.

It should be noted that the tool at the distal end of the surgical instrument 9 is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 2, and that the surgical instrument 9 may include other tools having different configurations in other embodiments. FIG. 3 illustrates another surgical device 14 at the distal end of the surgical instrument 9 in accordance with other embodiments. In the illustrated embodiments, the surgical device 14 is a jaw assembly that includes a pair of jaws 321, 323 for clamping, cutting, and sealing a vessel. The jaw 321 includes an electrically conductive material 325 which faces towards the opposing jaw 323. Alternatively, or additionally, the jaw 323 may include an electrically conductive material which faces towards jaw 321. The electrically conductive material 325 is in a form of an electrode, and is configured to provide heat during use. As used in this specification, the term “electrode” refers to a component that is for delivering energy, such as heat energy, RF energy, etc., and thus, should not be limited to a component that delivers any particular form of energy. The electrically conductive material 325 may be Ni-chrome, stainless steel, or other metals or alloys in different embodiments. The jaws 321, 323 are configured to close in response to actuation (e.g., pressing, pulling, or pushing, etc.) of the actuator 15, thereby clamping a vessel during use. In the illustrated embodiments, the actuator 15 may be further actuated (e.g., further pressed, further pulled, or further pushed, etc.) to cause the electrically conductive material 325 to provide heat, thereby cutting and sealing the clamped vessel. In particular, when the actuator 15 is further actuated, the electrically conductive material 325 is electrically coupled to an energy source 30 (e.g., a DC source), which provides a current to the electrically conductive material (electrode) 325, thereby heating the electrode 325. After the vessel is cut and sealed, the actuator 15 may be de-actuated to open the jaws 321, 323, thereby stopping the delivery of heat. The mechanical linkage for translating operation of the actuator 15 into closing and opening of the jaws 321, 323 may be implemented using cables, shafts, gears, or any of other mechanical devices that are known in the art. In other embodiments, a separate actuator (either on the handle 11 or otherwise coupled to the source 30, such as a separate foot pedal, etc.), may be provided for directing energy from the energy source 30 to the electrode 325. In such cases, the actuator 15 is for closing and opening the jaw assembly, and is not used to cause the energy source 30 to deliver energy to the electrode 325.

The linkage that mechanically couples the jaws 321, 323 to the actuator 15 may be electrically insulated, for example, by silicone rubber, ceramic or other suitable non-electrically conductive material. In some embodiments, energy is supplied from the energy source 30 via electric line housed by the body 13 to the electrically conductive material (electrode) 325 at jaw 321 (and/or electrode at jaw 323). In other embodiments, the body 13 may not include an electric line for delivering energy to the electrode 325. Instead, the linkage that mechanically couples the jaws 321, 323 to the actuator 15 may be electrically conductive, and is used to deliver energy to the electrode 325 at jaw 321 (and/or electrode at jaw 323).

As shown in the figure, the electrically conductive material 325 forms a heating element (electrode) 340 that is disposed on a surface of the jaw 321. The heater element 340 includes two outer portions 350, 352, and an inner (middle) portion 348. The outer portions 350, 352 have respective outer terminals 344, 346 at their ends, and the middle portion 348 has an inner terminal 342 at its end. Thus, the portions 348, 350, 352 form an electrical heater circuit between the center terminal 342 and outer terminals 344, 346. In the illustrated embodiments, the outer portions 350, 352 and the inner portion 348 function as an electrode that is configured to deliver heat during operation. In particular, during operation, the terminal 342 of the electrode 340 is electrically coupled to a first terminal of the DC source 30, and terminals 344, 346 of the electrode 340 are electrically coupled to a second terminal of the DC source 30, thereby allowing the electrode 340 to receive DC energy (e.g., for cutting and/or welding tissue). The heating element 340 may be formed using a single, flat sheet of electrically conductive material (e.g., Ni-chrome alloy, such as stainless steel at an outer layer, and Ni-chrome at an inner layer). This has reliability, manufacturing and cost advantages. It also reduces the likelihood of tissue build up and entrapment during use by not creating crevices into which the tissue can migrate.

As shown in FIG. 3, the jaw-operating mechanism and linkage thereof may be supported in a metal housing 368 that includes metal sliding pin 370 and attachment pin 372, all covered with an insulating layer of flexible material such as silicone rubber, or the like, to restrict energy discharges and to isolate tissue from moving parts. Also, such insulating cover retains the sliding and attachment pins 370, 372 in place to obviate the need for more expensive fasteners and mechanisms.

During use, current from the DC source 30 is conducted through the center terminal 342, and flows in the middle portion 348 of the heater element 340 and in parallel through the dual outer portions 350, 352 of the heating element 340 to the common terminals 344, 346. Thus, for heater portions 348, 350, 352 of equal thicknesses and equal widths, current density in the middle portion 348 is twice as high as the current density in each of the outer portions 350, 352 in response to electrical heater signal applied between terminal 342 and the common terminals 344, 346. Of course, current densities in the center and outer portions 348, 350, 352 may be altered (for example, by altering the relative widths of the heater portions, by altering resistances through selection of different materials, by altering both the widths and resistances, etc.) to alter the operating temperatures thereof in response to applied electrical heater signals. In operation, the outer heater portions 350, 352 may operate at a temperature sufficient to weld a tissue structure (e.g., a blood vessel) grasped between the jaws 321, 323, and the center heater portion 348 may operate at a higher temperature sufficient to sever the grasped tissue structure intermediate the welded segments.

Referring now to FIG. 4A, there is shown a partial cross sectional perspective view of the jaws 321, 323 that illustrates the placement of heater portions 348, 350, 352. The jaw 321 includes a structural support 364, and the jaw 323 includes a structural support 366. The supports 364, 366 may be made from any materials, such as ceramic, polymers, stainless steel, or other metals or alloys. In some embodiments, the structural supports 364, 366 may be made from electrically conductive material that allows the supports 364, 366 to function as electrical lines (e.g., for transmitting current, RF signal, etc.). The structural supports 364, 366 are covered by respective layers 374, 376 of electrically insulating material, such as rubber, polymers, silicone, polycarbonate, ceramic or other suitable insulating material. The structural supports 364, 366 may include opening(s) 378, 380 along the length of the respective supports 364, 366 (FIG. 4B). This allows the layers 374, 376 to be overmolded onto the respective supports 364, 366 without using any adhesive to secure the layers 374, 376 relative to the respective supports 364, 366. In particular, as the layers 374, 376 are molded over the respective supports 364, 366, the molding material will flow through the openings 378, 380, thereby mechanically anchoring the layers 374, 376 relative to the respective supports 364, 366. As shown in the figure, the jaw 323 includes a surface elevation (protrusion) 354 substantially in alignment with the middle portion 348 in order to increase the compression force applied to a tissue structure grasped by the jaws 321, 323 and in contact with the middle portion 348. This promotes more efficient tissue severance, while adjacent regions 356, 358 of lower surface elevations on jaw 323 in alignment with the outer portions 350, 352 of the heater element introduce less compression force suitable for welding grasped tissue.

In the illustrated embodiments, the cross sections of the respective jaws 321, 323 are not symmetrical. Instead, jaw 321 has a protrusion 360, and jaw 323 has a protrusion 362. Each of the protrusions 360, 362 has a length so that when the protrusions 360, 362 abut against a main branch vessel MB, the cutting point of the side branch vessel SB is at a prescribed distance D that is spaced away from the main branch vessel MB (FIG. 4B). In the illustrated embodiments, the distance D is at least 1 mm, and more preferably, at least 1.5 mm. In other embodiments, the distance D may have other values, such as that which is sufficient to prevent or minimize thermal spread from electrode 340 to the main branch vessel MB being harvested. As illustrated in the embodiments, the protrusions 360, 362 are advantageous in that they help reduce thermal spread resulting from the cutting and sealing of the side branch vessel SB, thereby preserving the integrity of the main branch vessel MB that is being harvested. Also, the protrusions 360, 362 obviate the need for an operator to guess whether the cutting of the side branch vessel SB is sufficiently far (e.g., beyond a minimum prescribed spacing) from the main branch vessel MB. Instead, the operator merely abuts the protrusions 360, 362 of the jaw assembly against the main branch vessel MB, and the protrusions 360, 362 will automatically place the jaw assembly relative to the side branch vessel SB so that the side branch vessel SB is cut at a minimum prescribed distance D from the main branch vessel MB. In some cases, if the surgical instrument 9 is used to cut other types of tissue, such as nerves, organs, tendons, etc., the protrusions 360, 362 also provide the same benefits of preserving the integrity of tissue that is being cut, and obviating the need for a user to guess what is the appropriate margin. As shown in the figure, the protrusions 360, 362 diverge away from part of the side branch vessel SB. Such configuration allows part of the side branch vessel SB that is immediately next to the main branch vessel MB not to be clamped by the jaws. As a result, the end of the side branch vessel SB will fall away once it is cut. In other embodiments, the surgical instrument 9 does not need to include both protrusions 360, 362. Instead, the surgical instrument 9 may include either protrusion 360 or protrusion 362. Such configuration allows the device at the distal end of the instrument 9 to have a smaller profile, thereby allowing a user to effectively maneuver the distal device in tight tissue conditions.

As shown in the figure, the heater portion 352 may protrude laterally along an outer edge of the closed jaws 321, 323. Such configuration may allow the heater portion 352 to deliver energy from the side of the jaw assembly even when the jaw assembly is closed. This may allow the heater portion 352 to heat tissue from a side of the jaw assembly during an operation, such as, for bleeding control. In other embodiments, the jaws may not include the protrusions 360, 362.

As shown in FIG. 3, the jaw assembly has a concave side and a convex side. In one method of use, while the jaw assembly is used to cut a side branch vessel SB, the jaw assembly is oriented so that its concave side faces towards the main branch vessel MB. The endoscope or viewing device may be placed next to the jaw assembly with the endoscope or viewing device viewing the concave side of the jaw assembly. This allows the user to better visualize the tip of the jaw assembly. Such configuration also provides a safety feature by allowing the user to know where the tips are during the vessel cutting procedure. Also as shown in FIG. 3, the exposed electrode portion 352 is on the convex side of the jaw assembly while the protrusions 360, 362 are on the concave side of the jaw assembly. The concavity provides extra spacing to protect the main branch vessel MB by keeping the distance along the side branch vessel SB even greater when it is grasped. Furthermore, having the exposed electrode 352 on the convex side creates an apex point that makes it easier to contact the side wall of the tunnel to address bleeding. In other embodiments, the protrusions 360, 362 may be on the convex side of the jaw assembly. In such cases, during use, the convex side of the jaw assembly would be oriented towards the main branch vessel MB, thereby ensuring that the tips of the jaw assembly are away from the main branch vessel MB to enhance protection (e.g., preventing the tip of the jaw assembly from touching or injuring the main branch vessel MB).

Referring now to FIG. 5, there is illustrated an exploded view showing some components of the surgical instrument 9. Specifically, the heater elements 348, 350, 352 (conductive material 325) are attached to jaw 321. Both jaws 321, 323 are pivotally attached via pin 377 to the metal housing 368. Pin 370 is disposed to slide within the aligned slots 379, and within the mating angled slots 381, 383 in the frame-mounts of the associated jaws to effect scissor-like jaw movement between open and closed positions as the slide pin 370 is moved relative to the pivot pin 377. Actuator rod 336 is linked to the slide pin 370, for example, via yoke 399. In the illustrated embodiments, the proximal end of the rod 336 is mechanically coupled to the actuator 15 at the handle 11. Axial movement of the rod 336 in one direction will cause the slide pin 370 to move towards the pin 377, thereby opening the jaws 321, 323. Axial movement of the rod 336 in the opposite direction will cause the slide pin 370 to move away from the pin 377, thereby closing the jaws 321, 323. An electrical conductor 389 connects to the inner terminal 342 of the heating element 348, 350, 352, and the outer terminals 344, 346 are electrically connected in common to conductor 391. In some embodiments, either conductor 389 or 391 may be housed within the wall or the bore of the elongated body 13. In other embodiments, if the rod 336 is electrically conductive, either conductor 389 or 391 may be coupled to the rod 336. In such cases, the rod 336 will be electrically coupled to one terminal of the DC source 30 during use. During use, the conductors 389, 391 may be electrically coupled to terminals of the DC source 30, which provides a current to thereby heat up the heater elements 348, 350, 352. The center heater element 348 is configured to cut a vessel (e.g., a side branch vessel) while the outer heater elements 350, 352 are configured to weld (seal) the vessel. In some embodiments, parts of the surgical device 14 may be insulated via an outer insulating layer for isolating certain components from biologic tissue and fluids.

In any of the embodiments described herein, the jaw assembly at the distal end of the surgical instrument 9 does not need to include all of the features described herein. For example, in some embodiments, the jaw assembly does not include outer electrode portions 350, 352. Instead, the jaw assembly includes one electrode strip (like the middle electrode portion 348 described above) for cutting or sealing tissue. Furthermore, in other embodiments, the jaw 323 may not have the raised portion 354. Instead, the jaw 323 may have a flat surface that is for contacting the electrode portions 348, 350, 352. In addition, in further embodiments, the jaws 321, 323 may not include the respective protrusions 360, 362. Instead, the cross section of the jaw 321/23 may have a symmetrical configuration. In other embodiments, protrusion(s) may be provided on both sides of the jaw assembly (e.g., one or more protrusions at the concave side of the jaw assembly, and one or more protrusions at the convex side of the jaw assembly). Such configuration provides buffering on both sides of the jaw assembly, and allows for correct placement of the jaw assembly regardless of which side (the concave or convex side) of the jaw assembly is oriented towards the main branch vessel MB during use. In further embodiments, instead of the curved configuration, the jaws could be straight. Also, in any of the embodiments described herein, instead of, or in addition to, using the jaw assembly for cutting and/or welding of vessel tissue, the jaw assembly may be used for transection of other types of tissue, such as fatty and connective tissue encountered during a vessel harvesting procedure or other procedures.

FIG. 6A illustrates the handle 11 of the surgical instrument 9 of FIG. 1 in accordance with some embodiments. The handle 11 includes a support portion 400, a carriage 402 slidably mounted to the support portion 400, the actuator 15, and a coupler 404 for coupling the actuator 15 to the carriage 402. As used in this specification, the term “support portion” may refer to any part of a handle, relative to which the carriage 402 or the actuator 15 may move, and does not need to provide any particular form of support for the remaining components of the handle. Thus, the term “support portion” should not be limited to a base or any other parts of the handle. During use, the actuator 15 may be moved by a finger (e.g., thumb, index finger, etc.) laterally as indicated by the arrow shown. Movement of the actuator 15 moves the coupler 404 relative to the carriage 402, thereby rotating the body 13 (and hence, the surgical device/tool 14) relative to the tube 20.

For example, the actuator 15 may be moved laterally towards the right side (FIG. 6B), thereby rotating the coupler 404 about an axis that is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the handle 11. Rotation of the coupler 404 relative to the carriage 402 actuates a gear system at the carriage 402, thereby turning the body 13 (and hence, the surgical device/tool 14) relative to the tube 20 in the same direction as the rotation of the coupler 404. During use, either the actuator 15 or the coupler 404 may be operated by the user's finger to rotate the tube 20.

Similarly, the actuator 15 may be moved laterally towards the left side (FIG. 6C), thereby rotating the coupler 404 about an axis that is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the handle 11. Such rotation of the coupler 404 relative to the carriage 402 actuates a gear system at the carriage 402, thereby turning the body 13 (and hence, the surgical device/tool 14) relative to the tube 20 in the same direction as the rotation of the coupler 404. During use, either the actuator 15 or the coupler 404 may be operated by the user's finger to rotate the tube 20.

FIGS. 7-11 illustrate some components of the handle 11. As shown in FIG. 7, the handle 11 includes a gear system 410 having a first gear 412 and a second gear 414 mounted between a first carriage portion 420 and a second carriage portion 422, wherein the first and second carriage portions 420, 422 together form the carriage 402. The first gear 412 includes a small gear 423 and a large gear 424, and is rotatably mounted to the carriage 402. The small gear 423 and the large gear 424 are fixedly secured to each other. The second gear 414 is also rotatably mounted to the carriage 402, and engages with the small gear 423. The carriage 402 includes an opening 430 for allowing a part of the large gear 424 to be accessed. As shown in the figure, a gear 440 is fixedly secured to the proximal end 10 of the body 13. The proximal end 10 with the gear 440 extends through an opening 442 at the carriage 402, thereby allowing the gear 440 to be engaged with the second gear 414. Also, as shown in the figure, wires that are connected to the electrodes 102, 104 (in the embodiments of FIG. 2) or to terminals at the electrode 325 (in the embodiments of FIG. 3) may be housed in a cable 441, which extends out of the body 13 and through a central opening at the gear 440. In some embodiments, the wires may be coupled to the energy source 30. In other embodiments, if the handle 11 is also used to deliver energy to the surgical device/tool 14, then at least one of the wires may be connected to a switch located in the handle 11.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the coupler 404 includes a first coupler portion 450 and a second coupler portion 452, which are secured to each other via two screws 454, 456. The coupler 404 also includes a protrusion 458, which is configured (e.g., sized and shaped) to engage with a slot 459 at the carriage 402. The slot 459 guides the motion of the coupler 404 so that the coupler 404 will move relative to the carriage 402 in a defined path (e.g., in a curvilinear path). The coupler 404 also includes a ring gear 460, which is configured to engage with the large gear 424 at the opening 430 of the carriage 402. Although the actuator 15 and the coupler 404 have been described as separate components, in other embodiments, the coupler 404, or any of its components, may be considered to be a part of the actuator 15. Also, although the carriage 402 and the coupler 404 have been described as separate components, in other embodiments, the coupler 404, or any of its components, may be considered to be a part of the carriage 402.

Also, as shown in the figures, the actuator 15 includes a surface 471 for allowing manipulation of the actuator 15 by a finger, and protrusions 470, 472 for preventing the finger from sliding off the edge of the actuator 15 during use. During use, the actuator 15 may be moved laterally towards the right side (such as that shown in FIG. 6B) to push the coupler 404 to rotate relative to the carriage 402 in the direction of actuation. The rotation of the coupler 404 relative to the carriage 402 causes the ring gear 460 to move relative to the carriage 402, thereby turning the large gear 424 at the opening 130. Since the large gear 424 is fixedly secured to the small gear 423, rotation of the large gear 424 will rotate the small gear 423 in the same direction as that of the large gear 424. Rotation of the small gear 423 turns the second gear 414, which in turn, rotates the gear 440 at the proximal end 10 of the body 13. Thus, the second gear 414 is for causing the body 13 and the surgical device 14 to rotate in the same direction as that of the actuator 15. Also, during use, the actuator 15 may be moved laterally towards the left side (such as that shown in FIG. 6C) to push the coupler 404 to rotate relative to the carriage 402 in the direction of actuation. This will result in the body 13 rotating in the same direction as the direction of actuation, as similarly discussed.

In some embodiments, the gear system may be configured (e.g., by selecting a desired gear ratio, gear size, number of gears, etc.) such that a relatively small amount of movement by the actuator 15 will result in a rotation of the body 13 and the surgical device 14 through a large angular range. For example, in some embodiments, a rotation of the actuator 15 through an angular range of +/−40° or less will result in turning of the body 13 and the surgical device 14 by +/−180° or more of 40°. Thus, by moving the actuator 15 from the left-most position to the right-most position (or vice versa), the body 13 and the surgical device 14 may be turned 360°. Such configuration is beneficial in that it achieves amplification of motion for the body 13, thereby allowing the body 13 and the surgical device 14 to be rotated relative to the handle 11 efficiently. In should be understood that during use of the surgical instrument 9, the body 13 does not always need to be rotated 360°. For example, a user may want to rotate the body 13 and the surgical device 14 by an angle θ_(t) that is less than 360°. In such cases, the user may rotate the actuator 15 by an angle θ_(c) to a desired position as determined by the user, thereby rotating the body 13 and the surgical device 14 by a desired angular range θ_(t). As discussed, θ_(t) is larger than θ_(c). In some embodiments, the gear system may be configured such that a movement by the actuator 15 will result in a relatively smaller rotation of the body 13 and of the surgical device 14, for finer control of angular position. In such cases, θ_(t) is less than θ_(c). In some embodiments, θ_(t) and θ_(c) may be governed by the relationship: θ_(t)=k θ_(c), wherein k represents an amplification factor when k>1, and represents a reduction factor when k<1. In some cases, k is a constant that is based on the design of the gear system.

In the illustrated embodiments, the actuator 15 is slidably coupled to a base 500 (FIG. 10). The base 500 has projections 480, 482 on either side of the base 500 for engagement with respective slots 484, 486 at the coupler 404 (see FIGS. 9-11). The actuator 15 is also rotatably coupled to an arm 476 via the shaft 490. In particular, the shaft 490 is housed within a slot formed by a first actuator portion 502 and a second actuator portion 504 (FIG. 11). The shaft 490 allows the arm 476 to be pivotable relative to the actuator 15 in the direction shown in FIG. 10. Such tilting motion allows the actuator 15 to be moved laterally (as in FIG. 6B or 6C) along an arc-path with a center that is offset from a longitudinal axis of the body 13. In other embodiments, if the arc-path of the actuator's 15 movement has a center that coincides with a longitudinal axis of the body 13, then the tilting of the arm 476 relative to the actuator 15 is not required.

The actuator portion 504 has a slot 506 for slidable engagement with a protrusion 512 at the base 500. Similarly, the actuator portion 502 has a slot (with the same configuration as that of slot 506) for slidable engagement with a protrusion 510 at the base 500. The arm 476 has a socket 478 at its end for mating with a sphere 448 at an end of a rod 446 that extends out of the body 13. In some embodiments, the rod 446 may be coupled to the cutter 106 in the embodiment of FIG. 2 for actuating movement of the cutter 106. In other embodiments, the rod 446 may be the shaft 336 in the embodiment of FIG. 5 for actuating movement of the jaw assembly. The socket 478 together with the sphere 448 forms a ball joint that allows the arm 476 to move in different degrees of freedom with respect to the rod 446. In any of the embodiments described herein the arm 476 and/or the base 500 may be considered to be a part of the actuator 15. In other embodiments, the arm 476 and/or the base 500 may be considered to be a part of the coupler 404.

When the surface 471 of the actuator 15 is pressed down towards the base 500, the slidable engagement between the slot 506 and the protrusion 512 at the base 500 will guide the actuator 15 to move in a curvilinear path (defined by the shape of the slot 506). In the illustrated embodiments, the pressing of the surface 471 of the actuator 15 will cause the actuator 15 to move proximally relative to the base 500. This in turn causes the bottom end of the arm 476 to move proximally to pull the ball joint, thereby pulling the rod 446 backward. This in turn pulls the cutter 106 at the distal end of the surgical instrument 9 proximally. Alternatively, in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 5, this will in turn pull the rod 336 proximally to close the jaw assembly. After the surface 471 is pressed down, the rear surface 520 of the actuator 15 will be moved to a higher elevation. The user may press the rear surface 520 downward against the base 500 so that the actuator 15 is slidably moved distally relative to the base 500, as governed by the slidable engagement between the slot 506 and the protrusion 512. This in turn causes the bottom end of the arm 476 to move distally to push the ball joint, thereby pushing the rod 446 distally. This in turn pushes the cutter 106 at the distal end of the surgical instrument 9 distally. Alternatively, in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 5, this will in turn push the rod 336 distally to open the jaw assembly.

Also, during use, the actuator 15 (or the coupler 404) may be pushed distally so that the carriage 402 together with the body 13 and the surgical device 14 is translated distally relative to the tube 20. Alternatively, the actuator 15 (or the coupler 404) may be pulled proximally so that the carriage 402 together with the body 13 and the surgical device 14 is translated proximally relative to the tube 20.

In some embodiments, the handle 11 may further includes an electrical contact, such that when the actuator 15 is further pulled proximally, the electrical contact will close a conductive path, thereby allowing a current to be delivered from the energy source 30 to the electrodes 102, 104, or to the electrode 325 at the jaw assembly. For example, the cable 441 may carry a first wire connected to a first terminal at the electrode 325, and a second wire connected to a second terminal at the electrode 325. At the proximal end, the first wire may be electrically connected to the electrical contact at the actuator 15, and a receiving contact (not shown) in the handle 11 may be coupled to a first terminal at the energy source 30. Also, at the proximal end, the second wire may be coupled to a second terminal at the energy source 30. During use, the actuator 15 may be pulled all the way to the back to engage the electrical contact at the actuator 15 with the receiving contact, thereby closing a conductive path formed by the energy source 30, the electrode 325, and the first and second wires, and allowing energy to be delivered from the energy source 30 to the electrode 325. In other embodiments, the actuator 15 is not configured to cause delivery of energy from the energy source 30 to the electrodes 102, 104, or to the electrode 325.

As illustrated in the above embodiments, the handle 11 is advantageous in that it allows rotation and/or translation of the body 13 (and hence, the surgical device 14) relative to the tube 20, and movement of a component of the surgical device 14, to be accomplished by manipulation of a single actuator 15. In some embodiments, the control may be configured to be operated like a joystick so that it can be used to rotate the tool 14 (e.g. by moving the control left or right) and translate the tool 14 (e.g., by moving the control forward or backward), wherein the translation of the tool 14 may be done simultanesoulsy or separately from the rotation of the tool 14. Such joystick like control may also allow actuation of a component (e.g., a cutting element, a jaw, an electrode, etc.) of the tool 14 (e.g. by providing a pivitable or depressable control surface, such as a button). In some cases, the actuator 15 also allows delivery of energy from the energy source 30 to the surgical device 14. The handle 11 is also advantageous in that it rotates the surgical device 14 by a large angular amount in response to a relatively small movement of the actuator 15, thereby providing amplification of movement of the surgical device 14.

During use of the surgical instrument 9 to harvest a vessel, the tube 20 is inserted into the patient's body through an opening (e.g., an incision through the patient's skin). The endoscope 150 may be placed inside the tube 20 for viewing at distal end while a surgical procedure is being performed by the surgical device 14. In some cases, the endoscope 150 may optionally include a light source and/or fiber optics for illuminating the target site. The distal end of the tube 20 is placed next to a vessel that is desired to be harvested, such that the longitudinal axis of the tube is approximately parallel to the vessel. The retractor 130 is then deployed to engage and capture the vessel. The tube 20 is then advanced distal along the length of the vessel. When a side branch vessel is encountered, the user may then operate the handle 11 to deploy the surgical device 14 for cutting and/or sealing the side branch vessel. In particular, various components (e.g., the actuator 15 and/or the coupler 404) of the handle 11 may be operated to translate the surgical device 14 proximally or distally relative to the tube 20 (as described herein), and/or to rotate the surgical device 14 relative to the tube 20 (as described herein), thereby placing the surgical device 14 at an operative position relative to the side branch vessel for operation on the side branch vessel.

The handle 14 may then be further used to cause the surgical device 14 to cut and/or seal the side branch vessel. For example, for the embodiments of FIG. 2, the actuator 15, or another actuator on the handle 11, or a control at the energy source 30, may be operated to cause energy to be delivered to the electrodes 102, 104, thereby heating the side branch vessel, and sealing it. The actuator 15 may then be operated (or further operated) to pull the cutter 106 proximally to cut the sealed vessel, as described herein. For the embodiments of FIG. 3, the actuator 15 may be operated to close the jaws 321, 323 to grasp and compress the side branch vessel. Power is then supplied using the DC source 30 to the heater elements 48, 50, 52 (which function as resistive element that heats up in response to the delivered direct current) to effect tissue welds at tissues that are in contact with outer segments 50, 52, and to effect tissue cutting at tissue that is in contact with segment 48.

FIG. 12 illustrates another handle 11 in accordance with other embodiments. In the illustrated embodiments, the handle 11 is similar to the embodiments described previously, except that the coupler 404 is configured to move laterally to control a rotation of the surgical device/tool 14 independent of the actuator 15. In such cases, the actuator 15 and/or the coupler 404 is for translating the surgical device/tool 14 longitudinally relatively to the tube 20. The actuator 15 may also be used for moving a component (such as the cutter 106, the jaw members, etc.) of the surgical device/tool 14, as similarly discussed. However, unlike the embodiments of FIGS. 6-11, the actuator 15 cannot be used to rotate the surgical device 14 relative to the tube 20. Instead, rotation of the surgical device 14 relative to the tube 20 is performed by moving the coupler 404 in either direction shown in the figure. The handle 11 of FIG. 12 has components that are the same as those in the previous embodiments, except that the actuator 15 is not configured to move laterally with the coupler 404. Thus, in the illustrated embodiments, the actuator 15 may be coupled to a base (e.g., base 500) that is fixedly secured to the carriage 402.

FIG. 13 illustrates another handle 11 in accordance with other embodiments. The handle 11 includes a ring 600 located distal to the actuator 15 for rotating the body 13 (and hence the surgical device/tool 14). The ring 600 is circumferentially disposed at the handle 11 so that it may be conveniently manipulated by one or more fingers of a user. In the illustrated embodiments, the operation of the ring 600 is independent from the operation of the actuator 15. Thus, the actuator 15 and/or the coupler 404 may be used to translate the body 13 distally or proximally relative to the tube 20 without involving the ring 600. The actuator 15 may also be used to move a component (e.g., the cutter 106, the jaws, etc.) of the surgical device/tool 14 without involving the ring 600. Also, the ring 600 may be used to rotate the body 13 without involving the actuator 15 and the coupler 404.

FIG. 14 illustrates some components of the handle 11 of FIG. 13 in accordance with some embodiments. In the illustrated embodiments, the handle 11 includes many components that are the same as those of FIGS. 6-11. However, unlike the previous embodiments, the handle 11 does not include the carriage 402, and the coupler 404 is not rotatably coupled to the carriage 402. Instead, the coupler 404 is slidably coupled to the support 400. This allows the body 13 and the surgical device 14 to be translated relative to the body 20 by translational movement of the coupler 404 (or the actuator 15) relative to the support 400. The handle 11 also includes the gear system 410 having the gears 412, 414. However, unlike the previous embodiments of FIG. 6, the gear system 410 is not coupled to the moveable carriage 402. Instead, the gear system 410 is coupled to a portion of the handle 11 that is fixed relative to the support 400. As shown in the figure, the ring 600 has a ring gear 602 located circumferentially at an interior surface of the ring 600. The ring gear 602 is configured to engage with the gear 412 during use. The body 13 has a non-circular cross section (such as a square section) so that it can transmit rotation from the gear train to the tool, as well as allow sliding of the tool back and forth. In other embodiments, the body 13 can have other cross sectional shapes.

In some embodiments, the gear system 410 may be configured (e.g., by selecting a desired gear ratio, gear size, number of gears, etc.) such that a relatively small amount of movement by the ring 600 will result in a rotation of the body 13 through a large angular range. For example, in some embodiments, a rotation of the ring 600 through an angular range of +/−40° or less will result in turning of the body 13 by +/−180° or more. Thus, by turning the ring 600 over a small angular range, the body 13 may be turned 360°. Such configuration is beneficial in that it achieves amplification of motion for the body 13, thereby allowing the body 13 to be rotated relative to the handle 11 efficiently. In should be understood that during use of the surgical instrument 9, the body 13 does not always need to be rotated 360°. For example, a user may want to rotate the body 13 by an angle θ_(t) that is less than 360°. In such cases, the user may rotate the ring 600 by an angle θ_(c) to a desired position as determined by the user, thereby rotating the body 13 by a desired angular range θ_(t). As discussed, θ_(t) is larger than θ_(c). In some embodiments, the gear system may be configured such that a movement by the actuator 15 will result in a relatively smaller rotation of the body 13 and of the surgical device 14, for finer control of angular position. In such cases, θ_(t) is less than θ_(c). In some embodiments, θ_(t) and θ_(c) may be governed by the relationship: θ_(t)=k θ_(c), wherein k represents an amplification factor when k>1, and represents a reduction factor when k<1. In some cases, k may be a constant that is based on the design of the gear system.

FIG. 15 illustrates another handle 11 in accordance with other embodiments. The handle 11 includes a plurality of wheels 700 located at a periphery of the handle 11. The wheels 700 are rotatably coupled to the carriage 702 through the gear system 410 that is housed inside the carriage 702. In the illustrated embodiments, the handle 11 is similar to the embodiments of FIG. 6, except that it doesn't have the coupler 404, and rotation of the body 13 is not controlled by the actuator 15. In such cases, the actuator 15 and/or the wheels 700 may be pushed distally or pulled proximally for translating the surgical device/tool 14 longitudinally relatively to the tube 20. The actuator 15 may also be used for moving a component (such as the cutter 106, the jaw members, etc.) of the surgical device/tool 14, as similarly discussed. However, unlike the embodiments of FIGS. 6-11, the actuator 15 cannot be used to rotate the surgical device 14 relative to the tube 20. Instead, rotation of the surgical device 14 relative to the tube 20 is performed by turning any one of the wheels 700. The handle 11 of FIG. 15 has components that are the same as those in the previous embodiments, except that the handle does not include the coupler 404, and the actuator 15 is not configured to move laterally. Thus, in the illustrated embodiments, the actuator 15 may be coupled to a base (e.g., base 500) that is fixedly secured to the carriage 402.

In some embodiments, the gear system 410 may be configured (e.g., by selecting a desired gear ratio, gear size, number of gears, etc.) such that a relatively small amount of movement by any one of the wheels 700 will result in a rotation of the body 13 through a large angular range. For example, in some embodiments, a rotation of the wheel 700 through an angular range of +/−40° or less will result in turning of the body 13 by +/−180° or more. Thus, by turning the wheel 700 over a small angular range, the body 13 may be turned 360°. Such configuration is beneficial in that it achieves amplification of motion for the body 13, thereby allowing the body 13 to be rotated relative to the handle 11 efficiently. In should be understood that during use of the surgical instrument 9, the body 13 does not always need to be rotated 360°. For example, a user may want to rotate the body 13 by an angle θ_(t) that is less than 360°. In such cases, the user may rotate the wheel 700 by an angle θ_(c) to a desired position as determined by the user, thereby rotating the body 13 by a desired angular range θ_(t). As discussed, θ_(t) is larger than θ_(c). In some embodiments, the gear system may be configured such that a movement by the actuator 15 will result in a relatively smaller rotation of the body 13 and of the surgical device 14, for finer control of angular position. In such cases, θ_(t) is less than θ_(c). In some embodiments, θ_(t) and θ_(c) may be governed by the relationship: θ_(t)=k θ_(c), wherein k represents an amplification factor when k>1, and represents a reduction factor when <1. In some cases, k is a constant that is based on the design of the gear system.

It should be noted that the handle 11 should not be limited to the examples described previously, and that the handle 11 may have different configurations in different embodiments. For example, in other embodiments, the handle 11 may not include all of the features described previously. Also, in other embodiments, the handle 11 may have other shapes and forms. Furthermore, in any of the embodiments described herein, in addition to the control (e.g., the actuator 15, the coupler 404, the ring 600, the wheel(s) 700, or any combination of the foregoing) described, the handle 11 may further include additional control(s) for performing other functions. As used in this specification, the term “control” may refer to any of the components of the handle 11, or any combination of the components of the handle 11.

Also, it should be noted that the surgical device/tool 14 of the surgical instrument 9 should not be limited to the examples described above, and that the surgical instrument 9 may include other tools 14 in other embodiments. For example, although the above embodiments have been described with reference to the surgical device 14 being for clamping, cutting, and/or sealing vessel (e.g., saphenous vein, an artery, or any other vessel), in other embodiments, the surgical device 14 may be any have different configurations, and different functionalities. For example, in other embodiments, the surgical device 14 may be clip appliers or grasping jaws for grasping other types of tissues.

The cleaning system 160 for cleaning the lens of the endoscope 150 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 16-21. For clarity purpose, the surgical device 14 and the retractor 130 are omitted in these figures.

FIG. 16A and 16B illustrate the cleaning system 160 that includes a tubular structure 800 in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 17, the tubular structure 800 has a distal end 801, a proximal end 802, and a body 803 extending between the ends 801, 802. The tubular structure 800 also has a first channel 804 that extends along the length of the tubular structure 800, and a second channel 806 that forms an angle with the first channel 804. In the illustrated embodiments, the angle may be a value that is between 20° and 40°, such as 30°. In other embodiments, the angle may be other values, as long as the fluid can be delivered to the lens of the endoscope 150. The second channel 806 is in fluid communication with the first channel 804, and ends with an opening 808 that is located at an exterior surface of the tubular structure 800. The tubular structure 800 also includes a protrusion 810 that is configured to mate with a slot at the tube 20 (FIG. 16A). In other embodiments, the protrusion 810 is optional, and the tubular structure 800 may not include the protrusion 810. The tubular structure 800 may be secured to the tube 20 via an adhesive. In further embodiments, the structure 800 and the distal portion of the tube 20 may be integrally formed by a molding process to have a unity configuration.

As shown in FIG. 16B, the cleaning system 160 is located at a radial angle relative to the lens of the endoscope 150 such that the cleaning system 160 is not directly across from the endoscope 150. Such configuration allows the tool 14 to be directly across the endoscope 150 without having the cleaning system 160 interfering with the tool 14. Also, such configuration allows the opening 808 to be aimed at the lens of the endoscope 150 such that the fluid injection path does not intercept the tool 14 and the support structures 116 a, 116 b of the retractor 130. In other embodiments, the cleaning system 160 may be directly across from the endoscope 150. In such cases, the tool 14 may be located at a radial angle relative to the endoscope 150 such that it is not directly across from the endoscope 150. Thus, in other embodiments, the cleaning system 160 may be located at any position relative to the endoscope 150 (e.g., the cleaning system 160 may be implemented at any location along the circumferential cross section of the tube 20). Also, in other embodiments, the cleaning system 160 may be configured so that the opening 808 is pointed towards other directions (e.g., for providing cleaning function at other target sites).

FIG. 18 illustrates a partial side view of the distal end of the tube 20 in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in the figure, the proximal end 802 of the tubular structure 800 is coupled to a fluid delivery tube 826. During use, the proximal end of the fluid delivery tube 826 is connected to a fluid source, such as a syringe. If the user determines that the lens of the endoscope 150 needs to be cleaned, the user may operate on the syringe to cause fluid (e.g., saline, water, etc.) to be delivered from the syringe to the tubular structure 800 via the tube 826. The fluid is delivered through the channel 804 and the channel 806, and out of the opening 808. As shown in the figure, the second channel 806 is oriented such that fluid exiting from the opening 808 is directed proximally towards the lens of the endoscope 150, thereby cleaning the lens of the endoscope 150.

It should be noted that the cleaning system 160 should not be limited to the example described previously, and that the cleaning system 160 may have other configurations in other embodiments. For example, in other embodiments, the cleaning system 160 may include a tubular structure 800 that is in a form of a bent tube (FIG. 19). In other embodiments, instead of having a tubular structure coupled to the fluid delivery tube 826, the cleaning system 160 may include just the fluid delivery tube 826 having a bent distal end (FIG. 20). The fluid delivery tube 826 may be secured to the tube 20 using an adhesive or a mechanical coupler. In any of the embodiments described herein, the tube 20 may include a distal section that is mechanically attached (e.g., via an adhesive or a mechanical coupler) to a remaining part of the tube 20. In such cases, the cleaning system 160 may be coupled to the distal section of the tube 20.

In further embodiments, the cleaning system 160 may be implemented by providing fluid delivery channels 840, 842 within the wall of the tube 20 (FIG. 21). In such cases, the interior surface of the wall of the tube 20 will include an opening 844 for allowing fluid to be exiting therethrough. In some embodiments, the tube 20 may include a distal section that is mechanically attached (e.g., via an adhesive or a mechanical coupler) to a remaining part of the tube 20. In such cases, the cleaning system 160 may be implemented at the distal section of the tube 20.

Also, as shown in the above embodiments, the distal end of the tube 20 does not have any wall near the location where the endoscope 150 is located. In particular, the tube 20 has a cut-out section 888 at the distal end next to the endoscope 150, which allows fluid from the cleaning system 160 to escape without being trapped inside the tube 20 (wherein trapped fluid may obstruct the view of the endoscope). The tube 20 with the cut-out section may be formed by removing a section of a tube that is used to construct the tube 20. Alternatively, the tube 20 with the cut-out section may be formed by molding the tube 20 to have the configuration shown. In other embodiments, the distal end of the tube 20 does not have the cut-out section.

In some embodiments, the distal end of the tube 20 may be a separate component that is separately formed from a remaining part of the tube 20, and is then coupled to the remaining part of the tube 20. For example, the distal end of the tube 20 may be molded to have an unity configuration. In some cases, such distal end of the tube 20 may be molded to have the cut-out section 888, and the fluid delivery channels 840, 842 (such as those shown in FIG. 21). One technique for forming the channel 842 at the distal component 889 of the tube 20 is to place a pin 890 relative to the material of the distal component 889 like that shown in FIG. 22. The pin 890 may be longer and may have a bent configuration so that it can also be used to form the channel 840. Such technique may result in the distal component 889 having an opening 892 through the wall of the component 889. Such opening 892 may be used to drain fluid during use. For example, in some cases, cleaning fluid that is delivered from the opening 844 may escape through the cut-out section 888 and through the opening 892.

Also, in any of the embodiments described herein, instead of using the cleaning system 160 to clean the lens of the endoscope, the cleaning system 160 may be used to clean other devices, such as another imaging device, a window of a component that is used to house an endoscope or another type of imaging device, or other surgical tools.

It should be noted that the distal end 20/889 of the surgical instrument is not limited to the configurations described previously, and that the distal end 20/889 of the surgical instrument may have other configurations in other embodiments. For example, in other embodiments, instead of the configuration shown in FIGS. 16-17, the distal end of the tube 20/component 889 may have the configuration shown in FIGS. 23 and 24. Also, in other embodiments, instead of the configuration shown in FIG. 21, the distal end of the tube 20/component 889 may have the configuration shown in FIG. 25.

Although particular embodiments have been shown and described, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the present inventions, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present inventions. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense. The present inventions are intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the present inventions as defined by the claims. 

What is claimed:
 1. A surgical instrument, comprising: an elongated tube having a proximal end and a distal end; a handle coupled to the proximal end of the tube; and a tool that is rotatable and translatable relative to the tube; wherein the handle includes a control for rotating the tool relative to the tube; and wherein the control is coupled to the tool such that a movement of the control through an angle θ_(c) rotates the tool relative to the tube by an angle θ_(t) that is greater or less than θ_(c), and wherein the angle θ_(c) is variable as determined by a user.
 2. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the angle θ_(t) of rotation by the tool is at least 180° when the angle θ_(c) is 40° or less.
 3. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the tool is configured for performing one or more functions selected from the group consisting of grasping a vessel, cutting the vessel, and sealing the vessel.
 4. The surgical instrument of claim 3, wherein the tool further comprises a rod having a distal end, and a proximal end, and wherein the distal end of the rod is coupled to a component of the tool, and the proximal end of the rod is coupled to the control.
 5. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the tool comprises two bipolar electrodes and a cutter that is mechanically coupled to the control.
 6. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the tool comprises a jaw assembly that is mechanically coupled to the control.
 7. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the control includes a plurality of gears for rotating the tool relative to the tube.
 8. The surgical instrument of claim 7, wherein the control includes a carriage to which the plurality of gears are coupled.
 9. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the control further comprises an actuator for manipulation by a finger, wherein a movement of the actuator in a first direction rotates the tool relative to the tube, a movement of the actuator in a second direction controls a component of the tool, and a movement of the actuator in a third direction translates the tool relative to the tube.
 10. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the control further comprises an actuator for manipulation by a finger, wherein a movement of the actuator in a first direction rotates the tool relative to the tube, and a movement of the actuator in a second direction controls a component of the tool.
 11. The surgical instrument of claim 9, wherein the component of the tool comprises a cutter or a jaw assembly.
 12. The surgical instrument of claim 11, wherein the actuator is coupled to a rod via a ball joint, wherein the rod is configured for moving the component of the tool.
 13. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the control comprises one or more wheels disposed on one side of the handle.
 14. The surgical instrument of claim 13, wherein the one or more wheels are coupled to the tool via a plurality of gears.
 15. The surgical instrument of claim 14, wherein the control comprises a carriage to which the plurality of gears are coupled, and the carriage is slidable relative to a support portion of the handle to thereby translate the tool relative to the tube.
 16. The surgical instrument of claim 15, wherein the control further comprises an actuator for actuation by a finger to operate a component of the tool.
 17. The surgical instrument of claim 16, wherein the component of the tool comprises a cutter or a jaw assembly.
 18. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the control comprises a ring that is circumferentially disposed around the handle.
 19. The surgical instrument of claim 18, wherein the ring is coupled to the tool via a plurality of gears.
 20. The surgical instrument of claim 18, wherein the handle further comprises a carriage that is slidable relative to a support portion of the handle to thereby translate the tool relative to the tube, the carriage located proximal to the ring.
 21. The surgical instrument of claim 20, wherein the handle further comprises an actuator for actuation by a finger to operate a component of the tool.
 22. The surgical instrument of claim 21, wherein the component of the tool comprises a cutter or a jaw assembly.
 23. A surgical instrument, comprising: a tube having a proximal end; a handle coupled to the proximal end of the tube; and a tool that is rotatable and translatable relative to the tube; wherein the handle includes a control for rotating the tool relative to the tube, and an amount of movement of the control is variable as determined by a user; and wherein the control is coupled to the tool by a plurality of gears, the plurality of gears being configured to provide an amplified or reduced rotation of the tool relative to the tube in response to the movement of the control.
 24. The surgical instrument of claim 23, wherein the control is moveable relative to a support portion of the handle in a curvilinear path.
 25. The surgical instrument of claim 23, wherein the tool is for use in a vessel harvesting procedure.
 26. The surgical instrument of claim 25, wherein the tool is configured for performing one or more functions selected from the group consisting of grasping a vessel, cutting the vessel, and sealing the vessel.
 27. The surgical instrument of claim 26, wherein the tool further comprises a shaft having a distal end, and a proximal end, and wherein the distal end of the shaft is coupled to a component of the tool, and the proximal end of the shaft is coupled to the control.
 28. The surgical instrument of claim 23, wherein the plurality of gears are coupled to a carriage.
 29. The surgical instrument of claim 28, wherein the control includes a coupler that is moveable relative to the carriage.
 30. The surgical instrument of claim 23, wherein the control further comprises an actuator for manipulation by a finger, wherein a movement of the actuator in a first direction rotates the tool relative to the tube, and a movement of the actuator in a second direction controls a component of the tool.
 31. The surgical instrument of claim 23, wherein the control further comprises an actuator for manipulation by a finger, wherein a movement of the actuator in a first direction rotates the tool relative to the tube, a movement of the actuator in a second direction controls a component of the tool, and a movement of the actuator in a third direction translates the tool relative to the tube.
 32. The surgical instrument of claim 31, wherein the tool comprises a jaw assembly, and the component comprises a rod for opening and closing the jaw assembly.
 33. The surgical instrument of claim 32, wherein the actuator is coupled to the rod via a ball joint.
 34. The surgical instrument of claim 31, wherein the tool comprises a cutter for cutting a vessel.
 35. The surgical instrument of claim 34, wherein the tool further comprises two bipolar electrodes for sealing the vessel.
 36. The surgical instrument of claim 23, wherein the control comprises one or more wheels disposed on one or more sides of the handle.
 37. The surgical instrument of claim 36, wherein the one or more wheels are coupled to the tool via the plurality of gears.
 38. The surgical instrument of claim 37, wherein the control comprises a carriage to which the plurality of gears are coupled, and the carriage is slidable relative to a support portion of the handle to thereby translate the tool relative to the tube.
 39. The surgical instrument of claim 38, wherein the control further comprises an actuator for actuation by a finger to operate a component of the tool.
 40. The surgical instrument of claim 39, wherein the component of the tool comprises a cutter or a jaw assembly.
 41. The surgical instrument of claim 23, wherein the control comprises a ring that is circumferentially disposed around the handle.
 42. The surgical instrument of claim 41, wherein the ring is coupled to the tool via the plurality of gears.
 43. The surgical instrument of claim 41, wherein the handle further comprises a carriage that is slidable relative to a support portion of the handle to thereby translate the tool relative to the tube, the carriage located proximal to the ring.
 44. The surgical instrument of claim 43, wherein the handle further comprises an actuator for actuation by a finger to operate a component of the tool.
 45. The surgical instrument of claim 44, wherein the component of the tool comprises a cutter or a jaw assembly.
 46. A method for use in a surgical procedure, comprising: providing a surgical instrument that includes a tube, a handle, and a tool that is rotatable relative to the tube, wherein the handle has a control; and rotating the tool relative to the tube by an angle θ_(t) in response to a movement of the control through an angle θ_(c), wherein the angle θ_(c) is variable as determined by a user, and θ_(t) is greater or less than θ_(c).
 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the angle θ_(t) of rotation by the tool is at least 180° when the angle θ_(c) is 40° or less.
 48. The method of claim 46, wherein the tool includes a jaw assembly for grasping a vessel.
 49. The method of claim 48, further comprising: closing the jaw assembly to grasp the vessel in response to an operation of an actuator by the user; and using the jaw assembly to cut and seal the vessel.
 50. The method of claim 46, wherein the tool comprises two bipolar electrodes for sealing a vessel, and a cutter for cutting the sealed vessel.
 51. The method of claim 46, wherein the control includes an actuator for use by a finger, and wherein the actuator is moveable in a first direction to rotate the tool relative to the tube, and is moveable in a second direction to control a component of the tool.
 52. The method of claim 46, wherein the control comprises one or more wheels disposed on one or more sides of the handle.
 53. The method of claim 46, wherein the control comprises a ring that is circumferentially disposed around a part of the handle. 